This comparative synthesis report, coordinated by the European Commission, maps the landscape of social enterprises across European Union member states. Drawing from 35 national reports, it analyses social enterprise definitions, legal frameworks, governance models, economic activity, impact and policy environments. The report highlights the growing policy recognition of social enterprises , while emphasizing persistent challenges such as fragmented legislation, access to finance and limited public awareness. It identifies trends like hybrid business models, inclusive employment and mission-driven innovation. The report concludes with strategic recommendations to strengthen ecosystems through legal clarity, tailored financing, visibility campaigns and capacity-building infrastructure.
